Forest farming is the cultivation of high-value specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favor growth and enhance production levels. Forest farming encompasses a range of cultivated systems from introducing plants into the understory of a timber stand to modifying forest stands to enhance the marketability and sustainable production of existing plants.

Horticulture is the art and science of growing plants. This definition is seen in the etymology of "horticulture", which is derived from the latin words hortus, which means "garden" and cultura which means "to cultivate". Horticulture is very broad and encompasses many areas, which means that there are many different types of horticulturists. In anthropology, horticulture refers to a subsistence strategy characterized by the small-scale, non-industrial cultivation of plants for food.Horticulture is normally small-scale or ornamental, as compared to the larger-scale cultivation of crops that is seen in agriculture..

A fertilizer is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients. Fertilizers may be distinct from liming materials or other non-nutrient soil amendments. Many sources of fertilizer exist, both natural and industrially produced.For most modern agricultural practices, fertilization focuses on three main macro nutrients : Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) with occasional addition of supplements like rock flour for micronutrients. Farmers apply these fertilizers in a variety of ways : through dry or pelletized or liquid application processes, using large agricultural equipment or hand-tool methods.